Hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub, cov xov hlau thiab cables peb ntsib tiag tiag zais kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom. Tsis yog tag nrho cov hlau tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tso cai tam sim no kom ntws ncaj. Yog li leej twg yog tus tsim nyog tshaj? Cov lus teb inevitably suav nrog nyiaj, tooj liab, thiab txhuas.
Silver muaj zog tshaj conductivity. Txoj kev xav, siv nyiaj rau cables tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib tw electrons zoo li cov tsheb sib tw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem yog tias nyiaj yog kim heev. Cov neeg feem coob them tsis taus. Tsuas yog cov khoom siv nrog cov teeb liab siab heev, xws li qee lub suab sab saum toj thiab cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, txaus siab siv nyiaj. Ntau zaus, tib neeg xaiv tooj liab. Tooj liab muaj tus nqi conductivity thib ob tsuas yog nyiaj thiab tseem ruaj khov thiab yooj yim rau txheej txheem. Cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lus, thiab cov kab hluav taws xob hauv tsev, cov kab tseem ceeb no feem ntau yog tooj liab.
Aluminium tus conductivity tsuas yog hais txog 60% ntawm cov tooj liab. Nws zoo li tsis muaj dab tsi? Tab sis txhuas yog lub teeb yuag, nrog qhov ntom ntawm tsuas yog ib qho - thib peb ntawm tooj liab. Nws kuj raug nqi tsawg dua ntawm cov nqi. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv siab -qhov siab zog kab thiab ultra- high voltage fais fab kis tau tus mob, es tsis txhob siv tooj liab, txhuas yog siv vim hais tias ncua deb thiab txo qhov hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj conductivity. Tsis tas li ntawd, aluminium alloys kuj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa. Hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm Australia thiab North America, ntau cov kab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob nyiam aluminium.
Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej txiav txim siab kab hauv qab ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Nyob rau theem atomic, qhov ntau dua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud, qhov ntau cov khoom tuaj yeem tso cai rau tam sim no ntws sai. Tab sis qhov tseeb tsis yog qhov yooj yim. Raws li qhov purity nce, kev ua tau zoo tuaj. Txawm hais tias nws yog tooj liab lossis txhuas, qhov ntau impurities muaj, nws zoo li jamming ib pawg ntawm obstacles mus rau txoj kev loj. Thaum electrons ntsib cov pa oxygen, phosphorus, thiab lwm yam impurity atoms ib nrab, lawv yuav "pob" thiab qhov tsis kam tam sim ntawd. High-purity, oxygen- dawb tooj liab tuaj yeem ntxuav cov impurities kom huv si, yog li nws nrov heev hauv cov suab thiab ntsuas cables.
Thaum nws los txog rau kev ua, cov txheej txheem sib txawv kuj ua rau cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv. Piv txwv li, thaum tooj liab yog kos, cov qauv siv lead ua elongates thiab ntau yam tsis xws luag thiab distortions tshwm sim. Cov cheeb tsam deformed no yog cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov hluav taws xob, nrog rau qhov ua kom tawg tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm siab. Kev kho kom zoo tuaj yeem "kho" cov kev tsis xws li no, ua rau cov nplej coarser thiab ntau yam sib xws, thiab cov kev coj ua tau zoo dua -. Qhov txawv ntawm "mos tooj liab" thiab "nyuaj tooj liab" nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam nyob ntawm no. Mos tooj liab yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm annealing, thiab nws cov conductivity zoo dua.
Thaum nws los txog rau kev sib kis ntawm cov teeb liab hloov tam sim no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siab -frequency signals, tam sim no tsis faib sib npaug tab sis concentrates nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Qhov no yog hu ua cov nyhuv ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Thaum lub teeb liab mus rau ntawm qhov chaw, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom txheej txheej yuav tseem ceeb dua. Yog li ntawd, ntau lub xov tooj cua zaus xov tooj cua xaiv cov qauv sib xyaw ntawm tooj liab-clad aluminium lossis silver-copper. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm txheej txheej thaum tswj tus nqi thiab qhov hnyav. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw xaim hluav taws xob thiab siab - cov khoom siv zaus kis tau tus mob, cov kab sib txuas no tau siv ntau zuj zus.
Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm seb leej twg ua tau sai dua, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm qhov xav tau tiag tiag ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov peev nyiaj. Cov engineers feem ntau yuav tsum ua kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, kev ntseeg tau, thiab kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov teeb liab kab ntawm lub nroog subway, txhuas siv tsis tau vim tensile zog thiab teeb liab stability yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ntev -kab hluav taws xob kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog, txhuas ua qhov kev xaiv. Piv txwv li, qee cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm Nyij Pooj Shinkansen kuj tau txais cov tooj liab- clad aluminium qauv, ntsuas lub zog thiab kev sib kis.
Tsis tsuas yog cables, tab sis kuj cov hluav taws xob kev lag luam muaj cov tiam tshiab. Hauv kev lag luam tsheb hluav taws xob, qhov kev thov rau lub teeb yuag tau ua rau nrov ntawm aluminium cables, tab sis qee qhov siab - kawg lub zog tshiab tsheb tseem hais kom siv siab - purity tooj liab. Qee tus neeg hais tias aluminium yuav hloov tooj liab, tab sis qhov tseeb, ob leeg muaj lawv tus kheej siv.
